feat(knurl): add Knurl cycle texture

Knurl follows the played note and treats every cycle of the wave on its
own: a repeating level pattern over 1-16 cycles makes subharmonics in tune
with every note, random level and timing per cycle add rattle, and a noise
burst per cycle, highpassed at a multiple of f0, adds grit. Amounts are
counted in cycles, so the texture is the same on F1 and on C2.

- Cycle clock from the shared note tracker, restarted at each note; the
  audio is delayed by the lookahead plus 4.2 ms of timing-jitter headroom.
- Per-cycle randomness from a hash of the cycle number: Same every note
  or Free.
- Patterns Off, Double, Triple, Fry (default), Gallop, Stutter or drawn;
  grit switchable per step. Pattern persisted as knurl-pattern.
- Editor: last eight cycles overlaid, pattern bars with the playing step.
- Tests match the prototype: Double gives f0/2 at -8.19 dB, Triple f0/3
  at -10.68 dB, equal on F1 and C2, no added clicks, bit-exact when off,
  no allocation on the audio thread.

plugins/catalog.json

@@ -114,5 +114,21 @@
       "weld-core",
       "weld-ui"
     ]
+  },
+  "knurl": {
+    "name": "Knurl",
+    "description": "Give every cycle of the note its own level, timing and grit",
+    "manifest": "plugins/knurl/plugin/Cargo.toml",
+    "library": "knurl",
+    "documentation": "docs/knurl",
+    "clap_id": "io.storyboard.cycle-texture",
+    "licenses": {
+      "plugins/common/ui/assets/OFL.txt": "licenses/Roboto-OFL.txt"
+    },
+    "packages": [
+      "common-ui",
+      "knurl-core",
+      "knurl-ui"
+    ]
   }
 }

plugins/knurl/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "knurl-core"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+common-dsp = { path = "../../common/dsp" }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_json = { workspace = true }

plugins/knurl/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+//! Knurl: texture per cycle of the played note. A cycle clock follows the tracked pitch and
+//! restarts at every note; each cycle gets its own step gain (a repeating pattern that
+//! makes subharmonics), a random level and timing, and a noise burst tuned to the note.
+//! Every amount is counted in cycles, so the texture has the same grain on every note.
+//!
+//! The audio path is delayed by the tracker lookahead plus the timing-jitter headroom, so
+//! the clock already knows each note when its attack leaves the plugin. Allocation-free
+//! after `new`; mono-safe (both channels get the same treatment).
+mod settings;
+use common_dsp::svf::{Svf, SvfCoef};
+use common_dsp::tracker::{PitchFollower, Tracker, TrackerConfig};
+use common_dsp::{coefficient, db_to_gain, hz_to_midi};
+pub use settings::{Seed, Settings, Source, GRIT_OFF, PATTERNS, STEPS, STEP_MIN};
+
+/// Cycles kept for the editor's scope, and points per cycle.
+pub const SCOPE_CYCLES: usize = 8;
+pub const SCOPE_POINTS: usize = 64;
+/// Timing jitter can move a cycle by at most this share of the lowest period.
+const JITTER_HEADROOM: f32 = 0.125;
+/// Effects fade in and out with the note over this time.
+const FADE_MS: f32 = 20.;
+/// The grit filter is retuned this often, in samples.
+const RETUNE: usize = 16;
+/// Level follower for scaling the grit to the input.
+const LEVEL_MS: f32 = 30.;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct AnalyzerFrame {
+    /// Fundamental the clock follows, 0 before the first note.
+    pub hz: f32,
+    /// Sounding note, rounded; None between notes.
+    pub note: Option<u8>,
+    /// Pattern step of the newest cycle.
+    pub step: usize,
+    /// Output of the last `SCOPE_CYCLES` cycles, oldest first, each resampled to
+    /// `SCOPE_POINTS` points.
+    pub scope: [[f32; SCOPE_POINTS]; SCOPE_CYCLES],
+    /// True when the scope holds cycles of a sounding note.
+    pub scope_valid: bool,
+    pub input_db: f32,
+    pub output_db: f32,
+    pub latency: u32,
+    pub sample_rate: f32,
+}
+impl Default for AnalyzerFrame {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            hz: 0.,
+            note: None,
+            step: 0,
+            scope: [[0.; SCOPE_POINTS]; SCOPE_CYCLES],
+            scope_valid: false,
+            input_db: -120.,
+            output_db: -120.,
+            latency: 0,
+            sample_rate: 48000.,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deterministic per-cycle randomness: a hash of (stream, note seed, cycle).
+fn hash(stream: u64, seed: u64, cycle: u64) -> u64 {
+    let mut z = stream
+        .wrapping_mul(0x9E37_79B9_7F4A_7C15)
+        .wrapping_add(seed.wrapping_mul(0xBF58_476D_1CE4_E5B9))
+        .wrapping_add(cycle.wrapping_mul(0x94D0_49BB_1331_11EB));
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 30)).wrapping_mul(0xBF58_476D_1CE4_E5B9);
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 27)).wrapping_mul(0x94D0_49BB_1331_11EB);
+    z ^ (z >> 31)
+}
+fn uniform(stream: u64, seed: u64, cycle: u64) -> f32 {
+    (hash(stream, seed, cycle) >> 40) as f32 / (1u64 << 24) as f32
+}
+/// Approximately normal, clamped to ±3 (sum of four uniforms, unit variance).
+fn normal(stream: u64, seed: u64, cycle: u64) -> f32 {
+    let s: f32 = (0..4).map(|i| uniform(stream, seed, cycle * 4 + i)).sum();
+    ((s - 2.) * 3f32.sqrt()).clamp(-3., 3.)
+}
+/// Raised-cosine weight of the next cycle's value: 0 until `1 − width` of the cycle, then
+/// rising to 1 at the boundary.
+fn edge(frac: f32, width: f32) -> f32 {
+    let t = ((frac - (1. - width)) / width).clamp(0., 1.);
+    0.5 - 0.5 * (std::f32::consts::PI * t).cos()
+}
+
+const LEVEL: u64 = 1;
+const TIME: u64 = 2;
+const NOISE: u64 = 3;
+
+/// What the clock needs, delayed by the jitter headroom so it lines up with the audio.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct Pitch {
+    hz: f32,
+    start: bool,
+    sounding: bool,
+}
+
+pub struct Engine {
+    rate: f32,
+    channels: usize,
+    settings: Settings,
+    /// Tracker lookahead.
+    lookahead: usize,
+    /// Largest timing offset in samples, either way.
+    headroom: usize,
+    tracker: Tracker,
+    pitch: PitchFollower,
+    pitch_line: Vec<Pitch>,
+    pitch_at: usize,
+    audio: Vec<[f32; 2]>,
+    audio_at: usize,
+    // Cycle clock.
+    phase: f64,
+    cycle: u64,
+    note_seed: u64,
+    notes: u64,
+    noise_at: u64,
+    amount: f32,
+    fade: f32,
+    // Grit.
+    grit_coef: SvfCoef,
+    grit_filter: Svf,
+    countdown: usize,
+    level: f32,
+    level_coef: f32,
+    // Smoothed controls.
+    smooth: f32,
+    mix: f32,
+    output: f32,
+    bypass: f32,
+    fresh: bool,
+    // Editor.
+    scope: [[f32; SCOPE_POINTS]; SCOPE_CYCLES],
+    scope_valid: bool,
+    meter_in: f64,
+    meter_out: f64,
+    meter_count: usize,
+}
+
+impl Engine {
+    pub fn new(rate: f32, channels: usize) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
+        if !(rate.is_finite() && (8000.0..=768000.).contains(&rate)) {
+            return Err("unsupported sample rate");
+        }
+        if !(1..=2).contains(&channels) {
+            return Err("unsupported channel count");
+        }
+        let tracker = Tracker::new(rate, TrackerConfig::BASS);
+        let lookahead = tracker.latency();
+        let headroom = (JITTER_HEADROOM * rate / TrackerConfig::BASS.min_hz).ceil() as usize;
+        let settings = Settings::default();
+        let mut e = Self {
+            rate,
+            channels,
+            settings,
+            lookahead,
+            headroom,
+            tracker,
+            pitch: PitchFollower::default(),
+            pitch_line: vec![Pitch::default(); headroom + 1],
+            pitch_at: 0,
+            // Reads reach `lookahead + 2·headroom` back, plus the interpolation taps.
+            audio: vec![[0.; 2]; lookahead + 2 * headroom + 4],
+            audio_at: 0,
+            phase: 0.,
+            cycle: 0,
+            note_seed: 0,
+            notes: 0,
+            noise_at: 0,
+            amount: 0.,
+            fade: coefficient(rate, FADE_MS),
+            grit_coef: SvfCoef::IDENTITY,
+            grit_filter: Svf::default(),
+            countdown: 0,
+            level: 0.,
+            level_coef: coefficient(rate, LEVEL_MS),
+            smooth: coefficient(rate, 10.),
+            mix: 1.,
+            output: 1.,
+            bypass: 0.,
+            fresh: true,
+            scope: [[0.; SCOPE_POINTS]; SCOPE_CYCLES],
+            scope_valid: false,
+            meter_in: 0.,
+            meter_out: 0.,
+            meter_count: 0,
+        };
+        e.set_settings(settings)?;
+        e.fresh = true;
+        Ok(e)
+    }
+    pub fn latency_samples(&self) -> u32 {
+        (self.lookahead + self.headroom) as u32
+    }
+    pub fn channels(&self) -> usize {
+        self.channels
+    }
+    pub fn settings(&self) -> Settings {
+        self.settings
+    }
+    pub fn set_settings(&mut self, s: Settings) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        s.validate()?;
+        self.tracker.set(s.source == Source::Midi, s.gate, false);
+        self.settings = s;
+        if std::mem::take(&mut self.fresh) {
+            self.mix = s.mix * 0.01;
+            self.output = db_to_gain(s.output);
+            self.bypass = f32::from(s.bypass);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.audio.fill([0.; 2]);
+        self.pitch_line.fill(Pitch::default());
+        self.pitch = PitchFollower::default();
+        self.tracker.reset();
+        self.grit_filter.reset();
+        self.phase = 0.;
+        self.cycle = 0;
+        self.notes = 0;
+        self.note_seed = 0;
+        self.noise_at = 0;
+        self.amount = 0.;
+        self.level = 0.;
+        self.countdown = 0;
+        self.scope_valid = false;
+        self.fresh = true;
+    }
+    pub fn note_on(&mut self, note: u8) {
+        self.tracker.note_on(note);
+    }
+    pub fn note_off(&mut self, note: u8) {
+        self.tracker.note_off(note);
+    }
+    /// The audio `back` samples (fractional) before the newest one, cubic Hermite.
+    #[inline]
+    fn read(&self, back: f32) -> [f32; 2] {
+        let len = self.audio.len();
+        let whole = back.floor();
+        let t = back - whole;
+        let base = whole as usize;
+        let at = |back: usize| self.audio[(self.audio_at + len - back % len) % len];
+        // y0 is one sample newer than y1; y2 and y3 are older.
+        let (newer, p1, p2, p3) = (at(base.max(1) - 1), at(base), at(base + 1), at(base + 2));
+        let mut out = [0.; 2];
+        for c in 0..2 {
+            let (y0, y1, y2, y3) = (newer[c], p1[c], p2[c], p3[c]);
+            let c1 = 0.5 * (y2 - y0);
+            let c2 = y0 - 2.5 * y1 + 2. * y2 - 0.5 * y3;
+            let c3 = 0.5 * (y3 - y0) + 1.5 * (y1 - y2);
+            out[c] = ((c3 * t + c2) * t + c1) * t + y1;
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    pub fn process_sample(&mut self, x: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 2] {
+        let mono = if self.channels == 2 {
+            0.5 * (x[0] + x[1])
+        } else {
+            x[0]
+        };
+        let (pitch, snap) = (&mut self.pitch, self.settings.snap);
+        self.tracker.process(mono, |e| pitch.event(snap, e));
+        let (hz, jump) = self.pitch.step(1.);
+        // Tracker events are timed for `lookahead`; the audio leaves `headroom` later.
+        let len = self.pitch_line.len();
+        self.pitch_line[self.pitch_at] = Pitch {
+            hz,
+            start: jump,
+            sounding: self.tracker.sounding(),
+        };
+        self.pitch_at = (self.pitch_at + 1) % len;
+        let p = self.pitch_line[self.pitch_at];
+
+        let len = self.audio.len();
+        self.audio_at = (self.audio_at + 1) % len;
+        self.audio[self.audio_at] = x;
+        let centre = (self.lookahead + self.headroom) as f32;
+        let dry = self.read(centre);
+
+        // Cycle clock.
+        if p.start {
+            self.phase = 0.;
+            self.cycle = 0;
+            self.notes += 1;
+            self.noise_at = 0;
+            self.note_seed = match self.settings.seed {
+                Seed::Same => 0,
+                Seed::Free => self.notes,
+            };
+            self.countdown = 0;
+        }
+        let active = p.sounding && p.hz > 0.;
+        self.amount += (f32::from(active) - self.amount) * self.fade;
+        let s = self.settings;
+        let frac = self.phase.fract() as f32;
+        let c = self.cycle;
+        let seed = self.note_seed;
+        let step = |k: u64| (k % s.steps as u64) as usize;
+
+        // Pattern and level jitter, crossfaded into the next cycle.
+        let w = edge(frac, s.edge * 0.01);
+        let jitter_w = edge(frac, 0.5);
+        let pattern = |k: u64| db_to_gain(s.pattern[step(k)]);
+        let wobble = |k: u64| db_to_gain(s.level_jitter * normal(LEVEL, seed, k));
+        let gain = (pattern(c) * (1. - w) + pattern(c + 1) * w)
+            * (wobble(c) * (1. - jitter_w) + wobble(c + 1) * jitter_w);
+        let gain = 1. + self.amount * (gain - 1.);
+
+        // Timing jitter: an offset per cycle, blended across the whole cycle.
+        let period = if p.hz > 0. { self.rate / p.hz } else { 0. };
+        let shift = |k: u64| normal(TIME, seed, k) * s.time_jitter * 0.01 * period;
+        let tw = edge(frac, 1.);
+        let offset = (shift(c) * (1. - tw) + shift(c + 1) * tw) * self.amount;
+        let offset = offset.clamp(-(self.headroom as f32), self.headroom as f32);
+        let moved = if offset == 0. {
+            dry
+        } else {
+            self.read(centre + offset)
+        };
+
+        // Grit: noise above `tone` harmonics, in a sin² window at `position` of each cycle.
+        let mut grit = 0.;
+        if s.grit > GRIT_OFF && p.hz > 0. && s.grit_steps[step(c)] {
+            if self.countdown == 0 {
+                let f = (s.tone * p.hz).min(0.45 * self.rate);
+                self.grit_coef = SvfCoef::highpass(self.rate, f, std::f32::consts::FRAC_1_SQRT_2);
+                self.countdown = RETUNE;
+            }
+            self.countdown -= 1;
+            self.noise_at = self.noise_at.wrapping_add(1);
+            let n = 2. * uniform(NOISE, seed, self.noise_at) - 1.;
+            let hp = self.grit_filter.process(&self.grit_coef, n * 3f32.sqrt());
+            let d = (frac - s.position * 0.01).rem_euclid(1.);
+            let l = s.length * 0.01;
+            if d < l {
+                let window = (std::f32::consts::PI * d / l).sin().powi(2);
+                grit = hp * window * self.level.sqrt() * db_to_gain(s.grit) * self.amount;
+            }
+        }
+        let m = if self.channels == 2 {
+            0.5 * (dry[0] + dry[1])
+        } else {
+            dry[0]
+        };
+        self.level += (m * m - self.level) * self.level_coef;
+        // Advance the clock.
+        if p.hz > 0. {
+            self.phase += (p.hz / self.rate) as f64;
+            let whole = self.phase.floor() as u64;
+            if whole > 0 {
+                self.phase -= whole as f64;
+                self.cycle += whole;
+                self.scope
+                    .rotate_left(whole.min(SCOPE_CYCLES as u64) as usize);
+                self.scope[SCOPE_CYCLES - 1] = [0.; SCOPE_POINTS];
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.mix += (s.mix * 0.01 - self.mix) * self.smooth;
+        self.output += (db_to_gain(s.output) - self.output) * self.smooth;
+        self.bypass += (f32::from(s.bypass) - self.bypass) * self.smooth;
+        let mut out = [0.; 2];
+        for ch in 0..self.channels {
+            let wet = moved[ch] * gain + grit;
+            let mixed = (self.mix * wet + (1. - self.mix) * dry[ch]) * self.output;
+            out[ch] = mixed * (1. - self.bypass) + dry[ch] * self.bypass;
+        }
+        let o = if self.channels == 2 {
+            0.5 * (out[0] + out[1])
+        } else {
+            out[0]
+        };
+        if active {
+            let i = ((frac * SCOPE_POINTS as f32) as usize).min(SCOPE_POINTS - 1);
+            self.scope[SCOPE_CYCLES - 1][i] = o;
+            self.scope_valid = true;
+        }
+        self.meter_in += (m * m) as f64;
+        self.meter_out += (o * o) as f64;
+        self.meter_count += 1;
+        out
+    }
+    /// Editor data; levels are averaged since the previous call.
+    pub fn take_analyzer(&mut self) -> AnalyzerFrame {
+        let n = self.meter_count.max(1) as f64;
+        let db = |p: f64| (10. * (p / n).max(1e-12).log10()).max(-120.) as f32;
+        let mut f = AnalyzerFrame {
+            hz: self.pitch.hz(),
+            note: None,
+            step: (self.cycle % self.settings.steps as u64) as usize,
+            scope: self.scope,
+            scope_valid: self.scope_valid,
+            input_db: db(self.meter_in),
+            output_db: db(self.meter_out),
+            latency: self.latency_samples(),
+            sample_rate: self.rate,
+        };
+        if self.tracker.sounding() && f.hz > 0. {
+            f.note = Some(hz_to_midi(f.hz).round().clamp(0., 127.) as u8);
+        }
+        self.meter_in = 0.;
+        self.meter_out = 0.;
+        self.meter_count = 0;
+        f
+    }
+}

plugins/knurl/core/src/settings.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+//! Host-independent controls. Gains in dB; amounts relative to one cycle in percent.
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Pattern steps: one per cycle, repeating.
+pub const STEPS: usize = 16;
+pub const STEP_MIN: f32 = -24.;
+/// Grit at or below this level is off.
+pub const GRIT_OFF: f32 = -60.;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum Source {
+    /// Pitch and note starts are detected from the incoming bass.
+    #[default]
+    Audio,
+    /// Notes come from MIDI note input.
+    Midi,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum Seed {
+    /// Every note gets the same random sequence, so identical notes sound identical.
+    #[default]
+    Same,
+    /// The random sequences keep running from note to note.
+    Free,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct Settings {
+    pub source: Source,
+    /// Gain per pattern step, 0 down to `STEP_MIN`.
+    pub pattern: [f32; STEPS],
+    /// Steps that get a grit burst.
+    pub grit_steps: [bool; STEPS],
+    /// Pattern length in cycles, 1..=STEPS.
+    pub steps: usize,
+    /// Crossfade into the next step, as a share of a cycle.
+    pub edge: f32,
+    /// Random level per cycle, standard deviation in dB.
+    pub level_jitter: f32,
+    /// Random timing per cycle, standard deviation in percent of a period.
+    pub time_jitter: f32,
+    /// Grit burst level relative to the input, dB; `GRIT_OFF` or lower is off.
+    pub grit: f32,
+    /// Grit highpass, in harmonics of the note.
+    pub tone: f32,
+    /// Where in the cycle the grit burst sits, percent.
+    pub position: f32,
+    /// Grit burst length, percent of a cycle.
+    pub length: f32,
+    pub seed: Seed,
+    /// Detection threshold in dBFS for note starts (Audio source).
+    pub gate: f32,
+    /// Round detected pitch to the nearest semitone.
+    pub snap: bool,
+    pub mix: f32,
+    pub output: f32,
+    pub bypass: bool,
+}
+
+/// Named step patterns: (name, help, gains). Missing steps are 0 dB.
+pub const PATTERNS: [(&str, &str, &[f32]); 6] = [
+    ("Off", "Every cycle at full level.", &[0.]),
+    (
+        "Double",
+        "Every second cycle quieter: a sub-octave growl.",
+        &[0., -9.],
+    ),
+    (
+        "Triple",
+        "One loud cycle, two quiet: a growl an octave and a fifth down.",
+        &[0., -12., -12.],
+    ),
+    (
+        "Fry",
+        "Uneven four-cycle pattern: vocal-fry rattle.",
+        &[0., -14., -5., -14.],
+    ),
+    (
+        "Gallop",
+        "Loud, quiet, loud, then three quiet: a rolling gallop.",
+        &[0., -18., 0., -18., -18., -18.],
+    ),
+    (
+        "Stutter",
+        "Bursts of cycles with gaps: a gated stutter.",
+        &[0., 0., -24., -24., 0., -24., -24., -24.],
+    ),
+];
+
+impl Settings {
+    /// Applies a named pattern: its gains, its length, grit on every step.
+    pub fn apply_pattern(&mut self, gains: &[f32]) {
+        self.pattern = [0.; STEPS];
+        for (p, g) in self.pattern.iter_mut().zip(gains) {
+            *p = *g;
+        }
+        self.steps = gains.len().clamp(1, STEPS);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Settings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let mut s = Self {
+            source: Source::Audio,
+            pattern: [0.; STEPS],
+            grit_steps: [true; STEPS],
+            steps: 1,
+            edge: 15.,
+            level_jitter: 1.,
+            time_jitter: 3.,
+            grit: -9.,
+            tone: 12.,
+            position: 10.,
+            length: 12.,
+            seed: Seed::Same,
+            gate: -42.,
+            snap: true,
+            mix: 100.,
+            output: 0.,
+            bypass: false,
+        };
+        s.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[3].2);
+        s
+    }
+}
+impl Settings {
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        let finite = [
+            self.edge,
+            self.level_jitter,
+            self.time_jitter,
+            self.grit,
+            self.tone,
+            self.position,
+            self.length,
+            self.gate,
+            self.mix,
+            self.output,
+        ]
+        .iter()
+        .chain(self.pattern.iter())
+        .all(|v| v.is_finite());
+        if !finite {
+            return Err("non-finite setting");
+        }
+        let ok = self.pattern.iter().all(|g| (STEP_MIN..=0.).contains(g))
+            && (1..=STEPS).contains(&self.steps)
+            && (5.0..=50.).contains(&self.edge)
+            && (0.0..=6.).contains(&self.level_jitter)
+            && (0.0..=10.).contains(&self.time_jitter)
+            && (GRIT_OFF..=0.).contains(&self.grit)
+            && (4.0..=64.).contains(&self.tone)
+            && (0.0..=100.).contains(&self.position)
+            && (2.0..=50.).contains(&self.length)
+            && (-60.0..=-20.).contains(&self.gate)
+            && (0.0..=100.).contains(&self.mix)
+            && (-12.0..=12.).contains(&self.output);
+        if ok {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err("setting out of range")
+        }
+    }
+}

plugins/knurl/core/tests/dsp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+use common_dsp::{midi_to_hz, Saw};
+use knurl_core::{Engine, Seed, Settings, Source, GRIT_OFF, PATTERNS};
+
+const RATE: f32 = 48000.;
+
+/// A tanh saw bass at `note`, as the prototype used.
+fn bass(note: u8, n: usize) -> Vec<f32> {
+    let mut saw = Saw::new(RATE, midi_to_hz(note as f32));
+    (0..n).map(|_| (2.2 * saw.sample()).tanh() * 0.5).collect()
+}
+fn plain() -> Settings {
+    let mut s = Settings {
+        source: Source::Midi,
+        level_jitter: 0.,
+        time_jitter: 0.,
+        grit: GRIT_OFF,
+        ..Settings::default()
+    };
+    s.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[0].2);
+    s
+}
+/// Runs one held note from sample 0 and returns the output, aligned to the input.
+fn run(settings: Settings, note: u8, input: &[f32]) -> Vec<f32> {
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(RATE, 1).unwrap();
+    engine.set_settings(settings).unwrap();
+    let latency = engine.latency_samples() as usize;
+    engine.note_on(note);
+    let mut out: Vec<f32> = input
+        .iter()
+        .chain(std::iter::repeat_n(&0., latency))
+        .map(|&x| engine.process_sample([x, 0.])[0])
+        .collect();
+    out.drain(..latency);
+    out
+}
+/// Level of the component at `hz` (single-bin DFT with a Hann window), dB.
+fn level(x: &[f32], hz: f32) -> f64 {
+    let n = x.len();
+    let (mut re, mut im) = (0f64, 0f64);
+    for (i, &v) in x.iter().enumerate() {
+        let w = 0.5 - 0.5 * (std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / n as f64).cos();
+        let a = std::f64::consts::TAU * hz as f64 * i as f64 / RATE as f64;
+        re += w * v as f64 * a.cos();
+        im -= w * v as f64 * a.sin();
+    }
+    10. * (re * re + im * im).max(1e-30).log10()
+}
+fn subharmonic(out: &[f32], note: u8, divisor: f32) -> f64 {
+    let f = midi_to_hz(note as f32);
+    let seg = &out[4800..out.len() - 4800];
+    level(seg, f / divisor) - level(seg, f)
+}
+fn max_step(x: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+    x.windows(2).map(|w| (w[1] - w[0]).abs()).fold(0., f32::max)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn everything_off_is_the_delayed_input() {
+    let input = bass(29, 24000);
+    let out = run(plain(), 29, &input);
+    assert_eq!(out, input);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn patterns_make_tuned_subharmonics_without_clicks() {
+    let input = bass(29, 48000);
+    let base = run(plain(), 29, &input);
+    assert!(subharmonic(&base, 29, 2.) < -50.);
+    for (pattern, divisor, expected) in [(1, 2., -8.2), (2, 3., -10.7)] {
+        let mut s = plain();
+        s.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[pattern].2);
+        let out = run(s, 29, &input);
+        let sub = subharmonic(&out, 29, divisor);
+        assert!(
+            (sub - expected).abs() < 0.5,
+            "{}: {sub}",
+            PATTERNS[pattern].0
+        );
+        assert!(
+            max_step(&out) <= 1.05 * max_step(&input),
+            "{}",
+            PATTERNS[pattern].0
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_texture_is_the_same_on_every_note() {
+    let mut s = plain();
+    s.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[1].2);
+    let low = run(s, 29, &bass(29, 48000));
+    let high = run(s, 36, &bass(36, 48000));
+    let (a, b) = (subharmonic(&low, 29, 2.), subharmonic(&high, 36, 2.));
+    assert!((a - b).abs() < 0.3, "F1 {a} C2 {b}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn same_seed_repeats_every_note_and_free_does_not() {
+    for (seed, identical) in [(Seed::Same, true), (Seed::Free, false)] {
+        let s = Settings {
+            source: Source::Midi,
+            seed,
+            ..Settings::default()
+        };
+        let mut engine = Engine::new(RATE, 2).unwrap();
+        engine.set_settings(s).unwrap();
+        let latency = engine.latency_samples() as usize;
+        let note = bass(29, 12000);
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        let starts = [0, 36000];
+        for i in 0..72000 + latency {
+            if starts.contains(&i) {
+                engine.note_on(29);
+            }
+            if i == starts[0] + 12000 || i == starts[1] + 12000 {
+                engine.note_off(29);
+            }
+            let k = starts
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|&&s| i >= s)
+                .map(|&s| i - s)
+                .min()
+                .unwrap();
+            let x = note.get(k).copied().unwrap_or(0.);
+            out.push(engine.process_sample([x, x])[0]);
+        }
+        let first = &out[latency..latency + 12000];
+        let second = &out[starts[1] + latency..starts[1] + latency + 12000];
+        let largest = first
+            .iter()
+            .zip(second)
+            .map(|(a, b)| (a - b).abs())
+            .fold(0f32, f32::max);
+        if identical {
+            assert!(largest < 1e-4, "{seed:?}: {largest}");
+        } else {
+            assert!(largest > 1e-2, "{seed:?}: {largest}");
+        }
+        assert!(out.iter().all(|v| v.is_finite()));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn grit_follows_the_input_level_and_stops_with_the_note() {
+    let mut s = plain();
+    s.grit = -6.;
+    let input = bass(29, 24000);
+    let out = run(s, 29, &input);
+    let noise: f64 = out
+        .iter()
+        .zip(&input)
+        .skip(4800)
+        .map(|(o, i)| ((o - i) as f64).powi(2))
+        .sum::<f64>()
+        / (out.len() - 4800) as f64;
+    let signal: f64 = input
+        .iter()
+        .skip(4800)
+        .map(|v| (*v as f64).powi(2))
+        .sum::<f64>()
+        / (out.len() - 4800) as f64;
+    let ratio = 10. * (noise / signal).log10();
+    // −6 dB bursts over 12 % of each cycle; the sin² window keeps 3/8 of the power:
+    // −6 + 10·log10(0.12 · 0.375) = −19.5 dB.
+    assert!((ratio + 19.5).abs() < 1.5, "{ratio}");
+
+    // Silence in, silence out: no grit without a note, and no NaN.
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(RATE, 2).unwrap();
+    engine.set_settings(Settings::default()).unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..48000 {
+        let out = engine.process_sample([0., 0.]);
+        assert_eq!(out, [0., 0.]);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn audio_source_finds_the_note_and_reports_latency() {
+    let mut s = plain();
+    s.source = Source::Audio;
+    s.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[1].2);
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(RATE, 1).unwrap();
+    engine.set_settings(s).unwrap();
+    let latency = engine.latency_samples() as usize;
+    // About 67 ms of lookahead plus 4.2 ms of jitter headroom.
+    assert!((latency as f32 / RATE - 0.071).abs() < 0.005, "{latency}");
+    let input = bass(29, 48000);
+    let mut out: Vec<f32> = input
+        .iter()
+        .map(|&x| engine.process_sample([x, 0.])[0])
+        .collect();
+    out.drain(..latency);
+    let frame = engine.take_analyzer();
+    assert_eq!(frame.note, Some(29));
+    assert!(frame.scope_valid);
+    let sub = subharmonic(&out[..out.len() - 4800], 29, 2.);
+    assert!(sub > -14., "{sub}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn invalid_settings_are_rejected() {
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(RATE, 2).unwrap();
+    for bad in [
+        Settings {
+            steps: 0,
+            ..Settings::default()
+        },
+        Settings {
+            edge: 60.,
+            ..Settings::default()
+        },
+        Settings {
+            grit: f32::NAN,
+            ..Settings::default()
+        },
+        Settings {
+            time_jitter: 11.,
+            ..Settings::default()
+        },
+    ] {
+        assert!(engine.set_settings(bad).is_err());
+    }
+    let mut s = Settings::default();
+    s.pattern[3] = -30.;
+    assert!(engine.set_settings(s).is_err());
+    assert!(Engine::new(1000., 2).is_err());
+    assert!(Engine::new(48000., 3).is_err());
+    let json = serde_json::to_string(&Settings::default()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_str::<Settings>(&json).unwrap(),
+        Settings::default()
+    );
+}

plugins/knurl/core/tests/realtime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use knurl_core::{Engine, Seed, Settings, Source, PATTERNS};
+use std::{
+    alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System},
+    cell::Cell,
+};
+
+struct CheckedAllocator;
+thread_local! {
+    static CHECK:Cell<bool>=const {Cell::new(false)};
+    static OPERATIONS:Cell<usize>=const {Cell::new(0)};
+}
+fn record() {
+    if CHECK.try_with(Cell::get).unwrap_or(false) {
+        let _ = OPERATIONS.try_with(|n| n.set(n.get() + 1));
+    }
+}
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for CheckedAllocator {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        record();
+        unsafe { System.alloc(layout) }
+    }
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, pointer: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        record();
+        unsafe { System.dealloc(pointer, layout) }
+    }
+    unsafe fn realloc(&self, pointer: *mut u8, layout: Layout, size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
+        record();
+        unsafe { System.realloc(pointer, layout, size) }
+    }
+}
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: CheckedAllocator = CheckedAllocator;
+
+#[test]
+fn notes_patterns_grit_and_jitter_do_not_allocate_or_free() {
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(48000., 2).unwrap();
+    let mut settings = Settings::default();
+    engine.set_settings(settings).unwrap();
+    CHECK.with(|v| v.set(true));
+    for i in 0..96000 {
+        if i % 4800 == 0 {
+            settings.apply_pattern(PATTERNS[(i / 4800) % PATTERNS.len()].2);
+            settings.seed = if i > 48000 { Seed::Free } else { Seed::Same };
+            settings.source = if (i / 4800) % 3 == 0 {
+                Source::Midi
+            } else {
+                Source::Audio
+            };
+            settings.time_jitter = ((i / 4800) % 10) as f32;
+            engine.set_settings(settings).unwrap();
+            engine.note_on(30 + (i / 4800 % 12) as u8);
+        }
+        if i % 4800 == 2400 {
+            engine.note_off(30 + (i / 4800 % 12) as u8);
+        }
+        let t = i as f32 / 48000.;
+        let x = if (i / 2400) % 2 == 0 {
+            (std::f32::consts::TAU * 55. * t).sin() * 0.5
+        } else {
+            0.
+        };
+        std::hint::black_box(engine.process_sample([x, x]));
+        if i % 1600 == 0 {
+            std::hint::black_box(engine.take_analyzer());
+        }
+    }
+    engine.reset();
+    CHECK.with(|v| v.set(false));
+    assert_eq!(OPERATIONS.with(Cell::get), 0);
+}

plugins/knurl/plugin/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[package]
+name = "knurl"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "ISC"
+
+[workspace]
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+nih_plug = { git = "https://github.com/robbert-vdh/nih-plug.git", rev = "de421011f41a6d10fc8c7a6084e4f4dee0143683", default-features = false }
+nih_plug_egui = { git = "https://github.com/robbert-vdh/nih-plug.git", rev = "de421011f41a6d10fc8c7a6084e4f4dee0143683" }
+knurl-core = { path = "../core" }
+knurl-ui = { path = "../ui" }
+crossbeam-queue = "0.3"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+clap-sys = { git = "https://github.com/micahrj/clap-sys.git", rev = "25d7f53fdb6363ad63fbd80049cb7a42a97ac156" }
+serde_json = "1"
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = "thin"
+strip = "symbols"

plugins/knurl/plugin/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+//! CLAP audio effect. All DSP state is owned by the processing thread.
+mod params;
+use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
+use knurl_core::{AnalyzerFrame, Engine};
+use nih_plug::prelude::*;
+use nih_plug_egui::{create_egui_editor, egui};
+use params::{KnurlParams, Pattern, GESTURES};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+struct EditorData {
+    ui: knurl_ui::State,
+    gestures: [bool; GESTURES],
+}
+pub struct Knurl {
+    params: Arc<KnurlParams>,
+    analyzer: Arc<ArrayQueue<AnalyzerFrame>>,
+    engine: Option<Engine>,
+    pattern: Pattern,
+    publish_count: usize,
+    publish_interval: usize,
+}
+impl Default for Knurl {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            params: Arc::new(KnurlParams::default()),
+            analyzer: Arc::new(ArrayQueue::new(2)),
+            engine: None,
+            pattern: Pattern::default(),
+            publish_count: 0,
+            publish_interval: 1600,
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Plugin for Knurl {
+    const NAME: &'static str = "Knurl";
+    const VENDOR: &'static str = "Bass Foundry";
+    const URL: &'static str = "";
+    const EMAIL: &'static str = "";
+    const VERSION: &'static str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+    const AUDIO_IO_LAYOUTS: &'static [AudioIOLayout] = &[
+        AudioIOLayout {
+            main_input_channels: NonZeroU32::new(2),
+            main_output_channels: NonZeroU32::new(2),
+            ..AudioIOLayout::const_default()
+        },
+        AudioIOLayout {
+            main_input_channels: NonZeroU32::new(1),
+            main_output_channels: NonZeroU32::new(1),
+            ..AudioIOLayout::const_default()
+        },
+    ];
+    const MIDI_INPUT: MidiConfig = MidiConfig::Basic;
+    const SAMPLE_ACCURATE_AUTOMATION: bool = false;
+    type SysExMessage = ();
+    type BackgroundTask = ();
+    fn params(&self) -> Arc<dyn Params> {
+        self.params.clone()
+    }
+    fn editor(&mut self, _: AsyncExecutor<Self>) -> Option<Box<dyn Editor>> {
+        let params = self.params.clone();
+        let analyzer = self.analyzer.clone();
+        create_egui_editor(
+            params.editor.clone(),
+            EditorData {
+                ui: knurl_ui::State::default(),
+                gestures: [false; GESTURES],
+            },
+            |ctx, _| knurl_ui::style(ctx),
+            move |ctx, setter, data| {
+                while let Some(frame) = analyzer.pop() {
+                    data.ui.accept_frame(frame);
+                }
+                let current = params.pattern();
+                let before = params.settings(&current);
+                let mut edited = before;
+                nih_plug_egui::resizable_window::ResizableWindow::new("knurl-editor")
+                    .min_size(egui::vec2(
+                        knurl_ui::WIDTH as f32 - 80.,
+                        knurl_ui::HEIGHT as f32 - 40.,
+                    ))
+                    .show(ctx, &params.editor, |ui| {
+                        knurl_ui::show(ui, &mut edited, &mut data.ui)
+                    });
+                params.apply(
+                    setter,
+                    &before,
+                    &edited,
+                    data.ui.gesture_active,
+                    &mut data.gestures,
+                );
+                // The scope follows the audio.
+                ctx.request_repaint_after(std::time::Duration::from_millis(40));
+            },
+        )
+    }
+    fn initialize(
+        &mut self,
+        layout: &AudioIOLayout,
+        config: &BufferConfig,
+        context: &mut impl InitContext<Self>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let Ok(mut engine) = Engine::new(
+            config.sample_rate,
+            layout.main_input_channels.map_or(0, |v| v.get() as usize),
+        ) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let settings = self.params.settings(&self.pattern);
+        self.pattern = Pattern {
+            gains: settings.pattern,
+            grit: settings.grit_steps,
+        };
+        if engine.set_settings(settings).is_err() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        context.set_latency_samples(engine.latency_samples());
+        self.publish_interval = (config.sample_rate / 30.) as usize;
+        self.engine = Some(engine);
+        true
+    }
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(e) = self.engine.as_mut() {
+            e.reset();
+        }
+        self.publish_count = 0;
+    }
+    fn process(
+        &mut self,
+        buffer: &mut Buffer,
+        _: &mut AuxiliaryBuffers,
+        context: &mut impl ProcessContext<Self>,
+    ) -> ProcessStatus {
+        let Some(engine) = self.engine.as_mut() else {
+            return ProcessStatus::Normal;
+        };
+        let settings = self.params.settings(&self.pattern);
+        self.pattern = Pattern {
+            gains: settings.pattern,
+            grit: settings.grit_steps,
+        };
+        let _ = engine.set_settings(settings);
+        let mut next = context.next_event();
+        for (index, mut sample) in buffer.iter_samples().enumerate() {
+            while let Some(event) = next {
+                if event.timing() as usize > index {
+                    break;
+                }
+                match event {
+                    NoteEvent::NoteOn { note, velocity, .. } if velocity > 0. => {
+                        engine.note_on(note)
+                    }
+                    NoteEvent::NoteOn { note, .. } | NoteEvent::NoteOff { note, .. } => {
+                        engine.note_off(note)
+                    }
+                    NoteEvent::Choke { note, .. } => engine.note_off(note),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+                next = context.next_event();
+            }
+            let x = [
+                *sample.get_mut(0).unwrap(),
+                if engine.channels() == 2 {
+                    *sample.get_mut(1).unwrap()
+                } else {
+                    0.
+                },
+            ];
+            let out = engine.process_sample(x);
+            for (c, value) in sample.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                *value = out[c];
+            }
+            self.publish_count += 1;
+            if self.publish_count >= self.publish_interval {
+                self.analyzer.force_push(engine.take_analyzer());
+                self.publish_count = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        // The lookahead delay and filter tails must drain after input stops.
+        ProcessStatus::KeepAlive
+    }
+}
+impl ClapPlugin for Knurl {
+    const CLAP_ID: &'static str = "io.storyboard.cycle-texture";
+    const CLAP_DESCRIPTION: Option<&'static str> =
+        Some("Texture per cycle of the played note: patterns, jitter and grit that fit every note");
+    const CLAP_MANUAL_URL: Option<&'static str> = None;
+    const CLAP_SUPPORT_URL: Option<&'static str> = None;
+    const CLAP_FEATURES: &'static [ClapFeature] = &[
+        ClapFeature::AudioEffect,
+        ClapFeature::Distortion,
+        ClapFeature::Stereo,
+        ClapFeature::Mono,
+    ];
+}
+nih_export_clap!(Knurl);

plugins/knurl/plugin/src/params.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+use knurl_core::{Seed, Settings, Source, GRIT_OFF, STEPS, STEP_MIN};
+use nih_plug::prelude::*;
+use nih_plug_egui::EguiState;
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+
+#[derive(Enum, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum SourceParam {
+    #[id = "audio"]
+    Audio,
+    #[id = "midi"]
+    #[name = "MIDI"]
+    Midi,
+}
+#[derive(Enum, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum SeedParam {
+    #[id = "same"]
+    #[name = "Same every note"]
+    Same,
+    #[id = "free"]
+    Free,
+}
+fn linear(name: &str, v: f32, min: f32, max: f32, unit: &'static str) -> FloatParam {
+    FloatParam::new(name, v, FloatRange::Linear { min, max }).with_unit(unit)
+}
+/// Continuous controls, in the order of the gesture slots.
+const FLOATS: usize = 10;
+pub const GESTURES: usize = FLOATS;
+
+/// The drawn pattern: step gains and grit switches. Saved with the project, not automation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct Pattern {
+    pub gains: [f32; STEPS],
+    pub grit: [bool; STEPS],
+}
+impl Default for Pattern {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let d = Settings::default();
+        Self {
+            gains: d.pattern,
+            grit: d.grit_steps,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Params)]
+pub struct KnurlParams {
+    #[persist = "editor"]
+    pub editor: Arc<EguiState>,
+    #[persist = "knurl-pattern"]
+    pub pattern: RwLock<Pattern>,
+    #[id = "source"]
+    pub source: EnumParam<SourceParam>,
+    #[id = "seed"]
+    pub seed: EnumParam<SeedParam>,
+    #[id = "steps"]
+    pub steps: IntParam,
+    #[id = "edge"]
+    pub edge: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "level-jitter"]
+    pub level_jitter: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "time-jitter"]
+    pub time_jitter: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "grit"]
+    pub grit: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "tone"]
+    pub tone: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "position"]
+    pub position: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "length"]
+    pub length: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "gate"]
+    pub gate: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "mix"]
+    pub mix: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "output"]
+    pub output: FloatParam,
+    #[id = "snap"]
+    pub snap: BoolParam,
+    #[id = "bypass"]
+    pub bypass: BoolParam,
+}
+impl Default for KnurlParams {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let d = Settings::default();
+        Self {
+            editor: EguiState::from_size(knurl_ui::WIDTH, knurl_ui::HEIGHT),
+            pattern: RwLock::new(Pattern::default()),
+            source: EnumParam::new("Pitch source", SourceParam::Audio),
+            seed: EnumParam::new("Random", SeedParam::Same),
+            steps: IntParam::new(
+                "Steps",
+                d.steps as i32,
+                IntRange::Linear {
+                    min: 1,
+                    max: STEPS as i32,
+                },
+            ),
+            edge: linear("Edge", d.edge, 5., 50., " %"),
+            level_jitter: linear("Level jitter", d.level_jitter, 0., 6., " dB"),
+            time_jitter: linear("Time jitter", d.time_jitter, 0., 10., " %"),
+            grit: linear("Grit", d.grit, GRIT_OFF, 0., " dB").with_value_to_string(Arc::new(|v| {
+                if v <= GRIT_OFF {
+                    "Off".into()
+                } else {
+                    format!("{v:.1}")
+                }
+            })),
+            tone: FloatParam::new(
+                "Tone",
+                d.tone,
+                FloatRange::Skewed {
+                    min: 4.,
+                    max: 64.,
+                    factor: FloatRange::skew_factor(-1.),
+                },
+            )
+            .with_unit(" ×f0"),
+            position: linear("Position", d.position, 0., 100., " %"),
+            length: linear("Length", d.length, 2., 50., " %"),
+            gate: linear("Gate", d.gate, -60., -20., " dB"),
+            mix: linear("Mix", d.mix, 0., 100., " %"),
+            output: linear("Output", d.output, -12., 12., " dB"),
+            snap: BoolParam::new("Snap to semitone", d.snap),
+            bypass: BoolParam::new("Bypass", false).make_bypass(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl KnurlParams {
+    /// Current settings. The pattern falls back to `last` when the editor holds the lock,
+    /// so the audio thread never waits.
+    pub fn settings(&self, last: &Pattern) -> Settings {
+        let pattern = self.pattern.try_read().map(|p| *p).unwrap_or(*last);
+        Settings {
+            source: match self.source.value() {
+                SourceParam::Audio => Source::Audio,
+                SourceParam::Midi => Source::Midi,
+            },
+            pattern: pattern.gains.map(|g| {
+                if g.is_finite() {
+                    g.clamp(STEP_MIN, 0.)
+                } else {
+                    0.
+                }
+            }),
+            grit_steps: pattern.grit,
+            steps: self.steps.value().clamp(1, STEPS as i32) as usize,
+            edge: self.edge.value(),
+            level_jitter: self.level_jitter.value(),
+            time_jitter: self.time_jitter.value(),
+            grit: self.grit.value(),
+            tone: self.tone.value(),
+            position: self.position.value(),
+            length: self.length.value(),
+            seed: match self.seed.value() {
+                SeedParam::Same => Seed::Same,
+                SeedParam::Free => Seed::Free,
+            },
+            gate: self.gate.value(),
+            snap: self.snap.value(),
+            mix: self.mix.value(),
+            output: self.output.value(),
+            bypass: self.bypass.value(),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn pattern(&self) -> Pattern {
+        self.pattern.read().map(|p| *p).unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+    fn floats(&self) -> [&FloatParam; FLOATS] {
+        [
+            &self.edge,
+            &self.level_jitter,
+            &self.time_jitter,
+            &self.grit,
+            &self.tone,
+            &self.position,
+            &self.length,
+            &self.gate,
+            &self.mix,
+            &self.output,
+        ]
+    }
+    /// Pushes every changed editor value to the host. Continuous controls hold one gesture
+    /// while the pointer is down; switches are set in a single gesture. The pattern is
+    /// stored directly.
+    pub fn apply(
+        &self,
+        setter: &ParamSetter,
+        old: &Settings,
+        new: &Settings,
+        dragging: bool,
+        open: &mut [bool; FLOATS],
+    ) {
+        if new.pattern != old.pattern || new.grit_steps != old.grit_steps {
+            if let Ok(mut p) = self.pattern.write() {
+                *p = Pattern {
+                    gains: new.pattern,
+                    grit: new.grit_steps,
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        let values = [
+            (old.edge, new.edge),
+            (old.level_jitter, new.level_jitter),
+            (old.time_jitter, new.time_jitter),
+            (old.grit, new.grit),
+            (old.tone, new.tone),
+            (old.position, new.position),
+            (old.length, new.length),
+            (old.gate, new.gate),
+            (old.mix, new.mix),
+            (old.output, new.output),
+        ];
+        for (i, (p, (a, b))) in self.floats().into_iter().zip(values).enumerate() {
+            if a != b {
+                if !open[i] {
+                    open[i] = true;
+                    setter.begin_set_parameter(p);
+                }
+                setter.set_parameter(p, b);
+            }
+            if !dragging && open[i] {
+                setter.end_set_parameter(p);
+                open[i] = false;
+            }
+        }
+        fn switch<P: Param>(setter: &ParamSetter, p: &P, v: P::Plain) {
+            setter.begin_set_parameter(p);
+            setter.set_parameter(p, v);
+            setter.end_set_parameter(p);
+        }
+        if new.steps != old.steps {
+            switch(setter, &self.steps, new.steps as i32);
+        }
+        if new.snap != old.snap {
+            switch(setter, &self.snap, new.snap);
+        }
+        if new.bypass != old.bypass {
+            switch(setter, &self.bypass, new.bypass);
+        }
+        if new.source != old.source {
+            let v = match new.source {
+                Source::Audio => SourceParam::Audio,
+                Source::Midi => SourceParam::Midi,
+            };
+            switch(setter, &self.source, v);
+        }
+        if new.seed != old.seed {
+            let v = match new.seed {
+                Seed::Same => SeedParam::Same,
+                Seed::Free => SeedParam::Free,
+            };
+            switch(setter, &self.seed, v);
+        }
+    }
+}

plugins/knurl/plugin/tests/host.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! Exercise the actual exported CLAP ABI without requiring a GUI or installed DAW.
+use clap_sys::{
+    audio_buffer::*,
+    events::*,
+    ext::{audio_ports::*, latency::*, state::*},
+    factory::plugin_factory::*,
+    host::*,
+    process::*,
+    stream::*,
+    version::*,
+};
+use std::{
+    ffi::{c_char, c_void, CStr},
+    io::{Cursor, Read},
+    ptr,
+};
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn extension(_: *const clap_host, _: *const c_char) -> *const c_void {
+    ptr::null()
+}
+unsafe extern "C" fn request(_: *const clap_host) {}
+unsafe extern "C" fn count(_: *const clap_input_events) -> u32 {
+    0
+}
+unsafe extern "C" fn event(_: *const clap_input_events, _: u32) -> *const clap_event_header {
+    ptr::null()
+}
+unsafe extern "C" fn push(_: *const clap_output_events, _: *const clap_event_header) -> bool {
+    true
+}
+unsafe extern "C" fn write(stream: *const clap_ostream, buffer: *const c_void, size: u64) -> i64 {
+    // SAFETY: The test owns the Vec for the entire synchronous save call.
+    let bytes = unsafe { &mut *((*stream).ctx as *mut Vec<u8>) };
+    bytes.extend_from_slice(unsafe {
+        std::slice::from_raw_parts(buffer as *const u8, size as usize)
+    });
+    size as i64
+}
+unsafe extern "C" fn read(stream: *const clap_istream, buffer: *mut c_void, size: u64) -> i64 {
+    // SAFETY: The test owns the Cursor; the wrapper supplies writable stream storage.
+    let cursor = unsafe { &mut *((*stream).ctx as *mut Cursor<Vec<u8>>) };
+    cursor
+        .read(unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(buffer as *mut u8, size as usize) })
+        .unwrap() as i64
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn effect_ports_state_latency_and_audio_lifecycle() {
+    // SAFETY: All callbacks, strings, streams, buffers, and the host outlive their
+    // synchronous ABI calls. Activation/processing/destruction follow CLAP order.
+    unsafe {
+        let entry = &knurl::clap_entry;
+        assert!(entry.init.unwrap()(c"knurl.clap".as_ptr()));
+        let factory = entry.get_factory.unwrap()(CLAP_PLUGIN_FACTORY_ID.as_ptr())
+            as *const clap_plugin_factory;
+        assert!(!factory.is_null());
+        let factory = &*factory;
+        assert_eq!(factory.get_plugin_count.unwrap()(factory), 1);
+        let descriptor = factory.get_plugin_descriptor.unwrap()(factory, 0);
+        assert!(!descriptor.is_null());
+        assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr((*descriptor).name), c"Knurl");
+        assert_eq!(
+            CStr::from_ptr((*descriptor).id),
+            c"io.storyboard.cycle-texture"
+        );
+        assert!(factory.get_plugin_descriptor.unwrap()(factory, 1).is_null());
+        let host = clap_host {
+            clap_version: CLAP_VERSION,
+            host_data: ptr::null_mut(),
+            name: c"Storyboard test host".as_ptr(),
+            vendor: c"Tests".as_ptr(),
+            url: c"".as_ptr(),
+            version: c"1.0".as_ptr(),
+            get_extension: Some(extension),
+            request_restart: Some(request),
+            request_process: Some(request),
+            request_callback: Some(request),
+        };
+        let plugin = factory.create_plugin.unwrap()(factory, &host, (*descriptor).id);
+        assert!(!plugin.is_null());
+        let p = &*plugin;
+        assert!(p.init.unwrap()(plugin));
+        let ports = p.get_extension.unwrap()(plugin, CLAP_EXT_AUDIO_PORTS.as_ptr())
+            as *const clap_plugin_audio_ports;
+        assert!(!ports.is_null());
+        assert_eq!((*ports).count.unwrap()(plugin, false), 1);
+        assert_eq!((*ports).count.unwrap()(plugin, true), 1);
+        let latency = p.get_extension.unwrap()(plugin, CLAP_EXT_LATENCY.as_ptr())
+            as *const clap_plugin_latency;
+        assert!(!latency.is_null());
+        let state =
+            p.get_extension.unwrap()(plugin, CLAP_EXT_STATE.as_ptr()) as *const clap_plugin_state;
+        assert!(!state.is_null());
+        let state = &*state;
+        let save = || {
+            let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+            let stream = clap_ostream {
+                ctx: &mut bytes as *mut Vec<u8> as *mut c_void,
+                write: Some(write),
+            };
+            assert!(state.save.unwrap()(plugin, &stream));
+            bytes
+        };
+        let mut envelope: nih_plug::prelude::PluginState =
+            serde_json::from_slice(&save()[8..]).unwrap();
+        use nih_plug::wrapper::state::ParamValue;
+        envelope.params.insert("edge".into(), ParamValue::F32(30.));
+        envelope.params.insert("steps".into(), ParamValue::I32(3));
+        envelope
+            .params
+            .insert("seed".into(), ParamValue::String("free".into()));
+        envelope
+            .params
+            .insert("source".into(), ParamValue::String("midi".into()));
+        // Pitch from MIDI and no note arrives, so the audio check below sees the dry input
+        // even with a pattern set.
+        envelope
+            .params
+            .insert("level-jitter".into(), ParamValue::F32(0.));
+        envelope
+            .params
+            .insert("time-jitter".into(), ParamValue::F32(0.));
+        envelope.params.insert("grit".into(), ParamValue::F32(-60.));
+        let (gains, grit) = ([-6f32; 16], [true; 16]);
+        let mut pattern = serde_json::json!({ "gains": gains, "grit": grit });
+        pattern["grit"][5] = false.into();
+        envelope
+            .fields
+            .insert("knurl-pattern".into(), pattern.to_string());
+        let encoded = serde_json::to_vec(&envelope).unwrap();
+        let mut framed = (encoded.len() as u64).to_le_bytes().to_vec();
+        framed.extend_from_slice(&encoded);
+        let mut bytes = Cursor::new(framed);
+        let stream = clap_istream {
+            ctx: &mut bytes as *mut Cursor<Vec<u8>> as *mut c_void,
+            read: Some(read),
+        };
+        assert!(state.load.unwrap()(plugin, &stream));
+        let restored: nih_plug::prelude::PluginState =
+            serde_json::from_slice(&save()[8..]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(&restored.params).unwrap(),
+            serde_json::to_value(&envelope.params).unwrap()
+        );
+        let saved: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&restored.fields["knurl-pattern"]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(saved, pattern);
+        for rate in [44100., 48000., 96000.] {
+            assert!(p.activate.unwrap()(plugin, rate, 1, 512));
+            let delay = (*latency).get.unwrap()(plugin) as usize;
+            // About 67 ms lookahead plus 4.2 ms of timing-jitter headroom.
+            assert!((delay as f64 / rate - 0.071).abs() < 0.01, "{delay}");
+            assert!(p.start_processing.unwrap()(plugin));
+            let total = delay + 9600;
+            let mut position = 0;
+            let (mut energy_in, mut energy_out) = (0f64, 0f64);
+            while position < total {
+                let frames = [1, 127, 512, 31][position % 4].min(total - position);
+                // With no MIDI note and every effect off, a tone passes through unchanged.
+                let tone = |n: usize| {
+                    0.25 * (std::f64::consts::TAU * 1000. * n as f64 / rate).sin() as f32
+                };
+                let mut input_left = [0f32; 512];
+                let mut input_right = [0f32; 512];
+                for i in 0..frames {
+                    input_left[i] = tone(position + i);
+                    input_right[i] = -tone(position + i);
+                }
+                let mut left = [0f32; 512];
+                let mut right = [0f32; 512];
+                let mut in_channels = [input_left.as_mut_ptr(), input_right.as_mut_ptr()];
+                let mut out_channels = [left.as_mut_ptr(), right.as_mut_ptr()];
+                let incoming = clap_audio_buffer {
+                    data32: in_channels.as_mut_ptr(),
+                    data64: ptr::null_mut(),
+                    channel_count: 2,
+                    latency: 0,
+                    constant_mask: 0,
+                };
+                let mut outgoing_audio = clap_audio_buffer {
+                    data32: out_channels.as_mut_ptr(),
+                    data64: ptr::null_mut(),
+                    channel_count: 2,
+                    latency: 0,
+                    constant_mask: 0,
+                };
+                let input = clap_input_events {
+                    ctx: ptr::null_mut(),
+                    size: Some(count),
+                    get: Some(event),
+                };
+                let outgoing = clap_output_events {
+                    ctx: ptr::null_mut(),
+                    try_push: Some(push),
+                };
+                let process = clap_process {
+                    steady_time: position as i64,
+                    frames_count: frames as u32,
+                    transport: ptr::null(),
+                    audio_inputs: &incoming,
+                    audio_outputs: &mut outgoing_audio,
+                    audio_inputs_count: 1,
+                    audio_outputs_count: 1,
+                    in_events: &input,
+                    out_events: &outgoing,
+                };
+                assert_ne!(p.process.unwrap()(plugin, &process), CLAP_PROCESS_ERROR);
+                for i in 0..frames {
+                    let n = position + i;
+                    if n < delay {
+                        assert!(left[i].abs() < 1e-6, "output before the lookahead");
+                    } else if n > delay + 4800 {
+                        energy_in += (tone(n - delay) as f64).powi(2);
+                        energy_out += (left[i] as f64).powi(2) + (right[i] as f64).powi(2);
+                    }
+                }
+                position += frames;
+            }
+            let ratio_db = 10. * (energy_out / (2. * energy_in)).log10();
+            assert!(ratio_db.abs() < 0.2, "{ratio_db}");
+            p.stop_processing.unwrap()(plugin);
+            p.deactivate.unwrap()(plugin);
+        }
+        p.destroy.unwrap()(plugin);
+        entry.deinit.unwrap()();
+    }
+}

plugins/knurl/ui/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "knurl-ui"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+egui = "0.31.1"
+knurl-core = { path = "../core" }
+common-ui = { path = "../../common/ui" }
+common-dsp = { path = "../../common/dsp" }

plugins/knurl/ui/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+//! Knurl editor, shared by the CLAP wrapper and the headless renderer.
+use common_ui::*;
+use egui::{self, Color32, FontId, Pos2, Rect, RichText, Sense, Stroke, Vec2};
+use knurl_core::{
+    AnalyzerFrame, Seed, Settings, Source, GRIT_OFF, PATTERNS, SCOPE_CYCLES, SCOPE_POINTS, STEPS,
+    STEP_MIN,
+};
+
+pub use common_ui::style;
+pub const WIDTH: u32 = 1040;
+pub const HEIGHT: u32 = 650;
+
+const GRID: Color32 = Color32::from_rgb(24, 26, 30);
+const TOP: f32 = 316.;
+
+pub struct State {
+    pub analyzer: AnalyzerFrame,
+    /// True while a pointer button is held, so knob drags become one host gesture.
+    pub gesture_active: bool,
+    pub help: String,
+}
+impl Default for State {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            analyzer: AnalyzerFrame::default(),
+            gesture_active: false,
+            help: DEFAULT_HELP.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+const DEFAULT_HELP: &str =
+    "Every cycle of the note gets its own level, timing and grit. Counted in cycles, so it fits every note.";
+impl State {
+    pub fn accept_frame(&mut self, frame: AnalyzerFrame) {
+        let old = self.analyzer;
+        self.analyzer = frame;
+        self.analyzer.input_db = frame.input_db.max(old.input_db - 3.);
+        self.analyzer.output_db = frame.output_db.max(old.output_db - 3.);
+        // Keep the last scope between notes.
+        if !frame.scope_valid && old.scope_valid {
+            self.analyzer.scope = old.scope;
+            self.analyzer.scope_valid = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+fn hint(r: &egui::Response, state: &mut State, text: &str) {
+    if r.hovered() || r.has_focus() {
+        state.help = text.into();
+    }
+}
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn knob(
+    ui: &mut egui::Ui,
+    state: &mut State,
+    name: &str,
+    value: &mut f32,
+    range: std::ops::RangeInclusive<f32>,
+    default: f32,
+    unit: &str,
+    help: &str,
+) {
+    ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
+        let r = rotary(ui, name, value, range, default, unit, 58., ACCENT);
+        hint(&r, state, help);
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn show(ui: &mut egui::Ui, settings: &mut Settings, state: &mut State) {
+    backdrop(ui);
+    state.help = DEFAULT_HELP.into();
+    state.gesture_active = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_down());
+    ui.add_space(2.);
+    header(ui, "KNURL", "CYCLE TEXTURE", |ui| {
+        let r = ui
+            .selectable_label(settings.bypass, RichText::new("BYPASS").size(13.))
+            .on_hover_text("Crossfade to the delayed dry signal.");
+        if r.clicked() {
+            settings.bypass = !settings.bypass;
+        }
+        ui.separator();
+        for (source, label) in [(Source::Midi, "MIDI"), (Source::Audio, "AUDIO")] {
+            let r = ui.selectable_label(settings.source == source, RichText::new(label).size(13.));
+            if r.clicked() {
+                settings.source = source;
+            }
+        }
+        caption(ui, "PITCH FROM");
+    });
+    ui.add_space(6.);
+    ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
+        panel(ui, |ui| {
+            ui.set_width(210.);
+            ui.set_min_height(TOP);
+            ui.vertical(|ui| note_panel(ui, settings, state));
+        });
+        ui.add_space(4.);
+        panel(ui, |ui| {
+            ui.set_width(ui.available_width());
+            ui.vertical(|ui| {
+                let frame = state.analyzer;
+                scope(ui, &frame, 140.);
+                ui.add_space(4.);
+                pattern_editor(ui, settings, state, TOP - 144.);
+            });
+        });
+    });
+    ui.add_space(6.);
+    panel(ui, |ui| {
+        ui.set_width(ui.available_width());
+        ui.vertical(|ui| controls(ui, settings, state));
+    });
+    ui.separator();
+    ui.label(RichText::new(&state.help).color(MUTED));
+}
+
+fn note_panel(ui: &mut egui::Ui, settings: &mut Settings, state: &mut State) {
+    let frame = state.analyzer;
+    caption(ui, "NOTE");
+    let (name, hz) = match frame.note {
+        Some(n) if frame.hz > 0. => (common_dsp::note_name(n), format!("{:.1} Hz", frame.hz)),
+        _ if frame.hz > 0. => ("—".into(), format!("holding {:.1} Hz", frame.hz)),
+        _ => ("—".into(), "no note yet".into()),
+    };
+    ui.label(
+        RichText::new(name)
+            .font(FontId::new(54., egui::FontFamily::Name("medium".into())))
+            .color(if frame.note.is_some() { TEXT } else { DIM }),
+    );
+    ui.label(RichText::new(hz).size(13.).color(MUTED));
+    if frame.hz > 0. {
+        ui.label(
+            RichText::new(format!("one cycle = {:.1} ms", 1000. / frame.hz))
+                .size(12.)
+                .color(DIM),
+        );
+    }
+    ui.add_space(10.);
+    meter(ui, "IN", frame.input_db, STEEL, 110.);
+    meter(ui, "OUT", frame.output_db, ACCENT, 110.);
+    ui.add_space(10.);
+    caption(ui, "RANDOM");
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        for (seed, label, help) in [
+            (
+                Seed::Same,
+                "SAME EVERY NOTE",
+                "Every note gets the same random sequence: identical notes sound identical.",
+            ),
+            (
+                Seed::Free,
+                "FREE",
+                "The random sequences keep running, so every note differs.",
+            ),
+        ] {
+            let r = ui.selectable_label(settings.seed == seed, RichText::new(label).size(12.));
+            if r.clicked() {
+                settings.seed = seed;
+            }
+            hint(&r, state, help);
+        }
+    });
+    ui.add_space(6.);
+    let r = ui.checkbox(
+        &mut settings.snap,
+        RichText::new("Snap to semitone").size(12.),
+    );
+    hint(
+        &r,
+        state,
+        "Round the detected pitch. Turn it off for slides.",
+    );
+}
+
+/// The last cycles of the output, overlaid; the newest is brightest.
+fn scope(ui: &mut egui::Ui, frame: &AnalyzerFrame, height: f32) {
+    let (outer, _) =
+        ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), height), Sense::hover());
+    let p = ui.painter_at(outer);
+    p.rect_filled(outer, 2., SCREEN);
+    p.text(
+        outer.left_top() + Vec2::new(8., 5.),
+        egui::Align2::LEFT_TOP,
+        format!("LAST {SCOPE_CYCLES} CYCLES, OVERLAID"),
+        FontId::proportional(10.),
+        MUTED,
+    );
+    let plot = Rect::from_min_max(
+        outer.left_top() + Vec2::new(10., 20.),
+        outer.right_bottom() - Vec2::new(10., 8.),
+    );
+    for t in [0.25f32, 0.5, 0.75] {
+        let x = plot.left() + plot.width() * t;
+        p.line_segment(
+            [Pos2::new(x, plot.top()), Pos2::new(x, plot.bottom())],
+            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, GRID),
+        );
+    }
+    p.line_segment(
+        [
+            Pos2::new(plot.left(), plot.center().y),
+            Pos2::new(plot.right(), plot.center().y),
+        ],
+        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, EDGE),
+    );
+    if !frame.scope_valid {
+        p.text(
+            plot.center(),
+            egui::Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            "play a note",
+            FontId::proportional(12.),
+            DIM,
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+    let peak = frame
+        .scope
+        .iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .fold(1e-6f32, |m, v| m.max(v.abs()));
+    // The newest cycle is still being written; draw the complete ones.
+    for (age, cycle) in frame.scope[..SCOPE_CYCLES - 1].iter().enumerate() {
+        let alpha = 0.2 + 0.8 * age as f32 / (SCOPE_CYCLES - 2) as f32;
+        let color = if age == SCOPE_CYCLES - 2 {
+            ACCENT
+        } else {
+            STEEL.gamma_multiply(alpha * 0.6)
+        };
+        let points: Vec<Pos2> = cycle
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, v)| {
+                Pos2::new(
+                    plot.left() + plot.width() * i as f32 / (SCOPE_POINTS - 1) as f32,
+                    plot.center().y - plot.height() * 0.48 * v / peak,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+        p.add(egui::Shape::line(
+            points,
+            Stroke::new(
+                if age == SCOPE_CYCLES - 2 {
+                    2.0_f32
+                } else {
+                    1.0
+                },
+                color,
+            ),
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+fn step_y(rect: Rect, db: f32) -> f32 {
+    rect.top() + rect.height() * (db / STEP_MIN).clamp(0., 1.)
+}
+
+/// One bar per step: drag to set its level, double-click to reset; the square below a bar
+/// switches its grit burst.
+fn pattern_editor(ui: &mut egui::Ui, settings: &mut Settings, state: &mut State, height: f32) {
+    let (outer, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+        Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), height),
+        Sense::click_and_drag(),
+    );
+    let p = ui.painter_at(outer);
+    p.rect_filled(outer, 2., SCREEN);
+    p.text(
+        outer.left_top() + Vec2::new(8., 5.),
+        egui::Align2::LEFT_TOP,
+        "PATTERN: LEVEL PER CYCLE",
+        FontId::proportional(10.),
+        MUTED,
+    );
+    let bars = Rect::from_min_max(
+        outer.left_top() + Vec2::new(34., 22.),
+        Pos2::new(outer.right() - 10., outer.bottom() - 26.),
+    );
+    let toggles_y = outer.bottom() - 16.;
+    let col = bars.width() / STEPS as f32;
+    let column =
+        |x: f32| (((x - bars.left()) / col).floor() as isize).clamp(0, STEPS as isize - 1) as usize;
+    if response.hovered() {
+        state.help = "Drag a bar to set the level of that cycle; double-click resets it. The squares switch grit per step.".into();
+    }
+    if let Some(pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+        let k = column(pos.x);
+        if pos.y > bars.bottom() + 2. {
+            if response.clicked() {
+                settings.grit_steps[k] = !settings.grit_steps[k];
+            }
+        } else if response.double_clicked() {
+            settings.pattern[k] = 0.;
+        } else if response.dragged() || response.clicked() {
+            let t = ((pos.y - bars.top()) / bars.height()).clamp(0., 1.);
+            let db = t * STEP_MIN;
+            settings.pattern[k] = if db > -0.5 { 0. } else { db.round() };
+            if k >= settings.steps {
+                settings.steps = k + 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for db in [0f32, -6., -12., -18., -24.] {
+        let y = step_y(bars, db);
+        p.line_segment(
+            [Pos2::new(bars.left(), y), Pos2::new(bars.right(), y)],
+            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, GRID),
+        );
+        p.text(
+            Pos2::new(outer.left() + 6., y),
+            egui::Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
+            if db == 0. {
+                "0".into()
+            } else {
+                format!("{db:.0}")
+            },
+            FontId::proportional(10.),
+            DIM,
+        );
+    }
+    let current = state.analyzer.step;
+    let playing = state.analyzer.note.is_some();
+    for k in 0..STEPS {
+        let on = k < settings.steps;
+        let x0 = bars.left() + k as f32 * col + 3.;
+        let x1 = x0 + col - 6.;
+        let top = step_y(bars, settings.pattern[k]);
+        let color = if !on {
+            DIM.gamma_multiply(0.5)
+        } else if playing && k == current {
+            TEXT
+        } else {
+            ACCENT
+        };
+        p.rect_filled(
+            Rect::from_min_max(
+                Pos2::new(x0, top.min(bars.bottom() - 2.)),
+                Pos2::new(x1, bars.bottom()),
+            ),
+            1.,
+            color.gamma_multiply(if on { 0.85 } else { 0.4 }),
+        );
+        let grit = settings.grit_steps[k] && settings.grit > GRIT_OFF;
+        let square = Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new((x0 + x1) / 2., toggles_y), Vec2::splat(9.));
+        if settings.grit_steps[k] {
+            p.rect_filled(square, 1., if grit && on { FOCUS } else { DIM });
+        } else {
+            p.rect_stroke(
+                square,
+                1.,
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, DIM),
+                egui::StrokeKind::Inside,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    p.text(
+        Pos2::new(outer.left() + 6., toggles_y),
+        egui::Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
+        "grit",
+        FontId::proportional(10.),
+        DIM,
+    );
+}
+
+fn controls(ui: &mut egui::Ui, settings: &mut Settings, state: &mut State) {
+    let d = Settings::default();
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        caption(ui, "PATTERN");
+        for (name, help, gains) in PATTERNS {
+            let selected = settings.steps == gains.len()
+                && settings.pattern[..gains.len()]
+                    .iter()
+                    .zip(gains)
+                    .all(|(a, b)| a == b);
+            let r = ui.selectable_label(selected, RichText::new(name.to_uppercase()).size(13.));
+            if r.clicked() {
+                settings.apply_pattern(gains);
+            }
+            hint(&r, state, help);
+        }
+        ui.add_space(24.);
+        caption(ui, "STEPS");
+        let minus = ui.button(RichText::new("−").size(14.));
+        if minus.clicked() && settings.steps > 1 {
+            settings.steps -= 1;
+        }
+        ui.label(
+            RichText::new(format!("{:>2}", settings.steps))
+                .monospace()
+                .size(14.)
+                .color(TEXT),
+        );
+        let plus = ui.button(RichText::new("+").size(14.));
+        if plus.clicked() && settings.steps < STEPS {
+            settings.steps += 1;
+        }
+        let help = "Pattern length in cycles. 2 makes a sub-octave, 3 an octave and a fifth down.";
+        hint(&minus, state, help);
+        hint(&plus, state, help);
+    });
+    ui.add_space(4.);
+    ui.columns(10, |c| {
+        knob(
+            &mut c[0],
+            state,
+            "Edge",
+            &mut settings.edge,
+            5. ..=50.,
+            d.edge,
+            " %",
+            "How soft each step change is, as a share of a cycle. Low is sharper and buzzier.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[1],
+            state,
+            "Level",
+            &mut settings.level_jitter,
+            0. ..=6.,
+            d.level_jitter,
+            " dB",
+            "Random level per cycle: a rough, living surface.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[2],
+            state,
+            "Time",
+            &mut settings.time_jitter,
+            0. ..=10.,
+            d.time_jitter,
+            " %",
+            "Random timing per cycle, in percent of a period: rattle and scrape.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[3],
+            state,
+            "Grit",
+            &mut settings.grit,
+            GRIT_OFF..=0.,
+            d.grit,
+            " dB",
+            "Level of the noise burst in each cycle, relative to the input. Fully left is off.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[4],
+            state,
+            "Tone",
+            &mut settings.tone,
+            4. ..=64.,
+            d.tone,
+            " ×f0",
+            "Lowest frequency of the grit, in harmonics of the note.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[5],
+            state,
+            "Position",
+            &mut settings.position,
+            0. ..=100.,
+            d.position,
+            " %",
+            "Where in the cycle the grit burst sits.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[6],
+            state,
+            "Length",
+            &mut settings.length,
+            2. ..=50.,
+            d.length,
+            " %",
+            "Length of the grit burst, as a share of a cycle.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[7],
+            state,
+            "Gate",
+            &mut settings.gate,
+            -60. ..=-20.,
+            d.gate,
+            " dB",
+            "Input level that counts as a note (AUDIO). Raise it if tails retrigger.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[8],
+            state,
+            "Mix",
+            &mut settings.mix,
+            0. ..=100.,
+            d.mix,
+            " %",
+            "Blend with the delayed dry signal.",
+        );
+        knob(
+            &mut c[9],
+            state,
+            "Output",
+            &mut settings.output,
+            -12. ..=12.,
+            d.output,
+            " dB",
+            "Output trim.",
+        );
+    });
+}