init
This commit is contained in:
381
Tutorium/tut11/README.md
Normal file
381
Tutorium/tut11/README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
marp: true
|
||||
paginate: true
|
||||
class: invert
|
||||
# theme: uncover
|
||||
footer: Tutorium 11 - 12.01.2023 - Nils Pukropp - https://s.narl.io/s/tutorium-11
|
||||
header:
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Tutorium 11
|
||||
|
||||
Dictionary, List-Comprehensions, OOP nochmal
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Dictionary
|
||||
|
||||
- Eine Ansammlung aus **Keys** und dessen **Werten**
|
||||
- Ordnet jedem **Key** einen **Wert** zu
|
||||
- Ein **Key** muss **immutable** sein, also keine `list`, `Objects`, ...
|
||||
- **Werte** können mutable sein, also eigentlich alles.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Creating a Dictionary
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
dictionary = {
|
||||
<key>: <value>,
|
||||
<key>: <value>,
|
||||
...
|
||||
<key>: <value>
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Creating a Dictionary - Beispiel
|
||||
|
||||
- `Key`: Modul als `str` referenziert
|
||||
- **immutable**
|
||||
- `Value`: Liste aller Stundenten, mutable
|
||||
- **mutable**, wir können Stunden entfernen/hinzufügen
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
courses: dict[str, list[str]] = {
|
||||
"eidp": ["np19", "az34", "jf334"],
|
||||
"mathe": ["aw331", "pl67"],
|
||||
"sdp": ["xy111", "xz112"],
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was passiert wenn wir eine `list` als nehmen?
|
||||
|
||||
- `list[Any]` ist mutable, genauer nicht **hashable**
|
||||
- `hash([1, 2, 3])` wirft einen Error
|
||||
- `dict` nutzt `hash(...)` für lookups
|
||||
- `dict[list[Any], Any]` wirft also einen `TypeError`, weil `list` nicht **hashable** ist
|
||||
- `tuple` sind immutable, wenn dessen Elemente immutable sind
|
||||
- z.B. `(1, 2)`
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Dictionary indizieren
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
print(courses["eidp"]) # ["np19", "az34", "jf334"]
|
||||
|
||||
courses["eidp"] += ["jk331"]
|
||||
|
||||
print(courses["eidp"]) # ["np19", "az34", "jf334"]
|
||||
|
||||
courses["mathe_2"] += ["jk331"] # KeyError
|
||||
|
||||
courses["mathe_2"] = ["jk331"] # fügt "mathe_2" hinzu mit dem Wert ["jk331"]
|
||||
|
||||
if "logik" not in courses:
|
||||
print("logik is not in courses!")
|
||||
courses["logik"] = []
|
||||
print("now it is!")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was kann man als Value verwenden?
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was kann man als Value verwenden?
|
||||
|
||||
**Alles**!
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
ops: dict[str, Callable] = {
|
||||
'+': lambda x, y: x + y,
|
||||
'-': lambda x, y: x - y,
|
||||
'*': lambda x, y: x * y,
|
||||
'/': lambda x, y: x / y,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
print(ops['+'](3, 1)) # 4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Dictionary iterieren
|
||||
|
||||
- mit der `items()` Methode bekommt man jeden `Key` mit `Value`
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
for courses, students in courses.items():
|
||||
print(f"{courses}: {students}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## List-Comprehension
|
||||
|
||||
- hattet ihr noch nicht in der Vorlesung
|
||||
- Viel zu Viele nutzen es schon, und ich will keine 0 Punkte geben
|
||||
- Syntax-Sugar für das erstellen von Listen basierend auf anderen Listen
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
even_numbers = [number for number in range(101) if number % 2 == 0] # [0, 2, ..., 100]
|
||||
|
||||
# [(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)]
|
||||
all_permutations = [(a, b) for a in range(3)
|
||||
for b in range(3)]
|
||||
|
||||
# quiet fast actually (for python)
|
||||
pythagorean_triples = [(a, b, c) for a in range(101)
|
||||
for b in range(101)
|
||||
for c in range(101)
|
||||
if a ** 2 + b ** 2 == c ** 2]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## List-Comprehension
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
# ew no syntax sugar
|
||||
all_students: set[str] = set()
|
||||
for _, students in courses.items():
|
||||
for student in students:
|
||||
all_students.add(student)
|
||||
|
||||
# syntax sugar!
|
||||
print({student for students in courses.values()
|
||||
for student in students})
|
||||
|
||||
# flattening stuff
|
||||
matrix = [[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]
|
||||
print([num for row in matrix for num in row]) # [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Übertreibt es aber nicht!
|
||||
|
||||
- List-Comprehensions sind zum *erstellen* von Listen.
|
||||
- List-Comprehensions sollten **nichts** *machen*
|
||||
|
||||
Also **kein** side effects oder Funktionsaufrufe!
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
|
||||
[x.append(num) for num in range(5, 11)] # really bad
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
def f(x: float) -> float:
|
||||
return x ** 2 + 3 * x + 1
|
||||
|
||||
[f(x) for x in range(101)] # bad
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## OOP - Funktion oder Methode?
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import math
|
||||
from dataclasses import dataclass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Position:
|
||||
x: float
|
||||
y: float
|
||||
|
||||
def distance(self, other: Position) -> float:
|
||||
return math.sqrt((other.x - self.x) ** 2 + (other.y - self.y) ** 2)
|
||||
|
||||
def distance_of(a: Position, b: Position) -> float:
|
||||
return math.sqrt((b.x - a.x) ** 2 + (b.y - a.y) ** 2)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## OOP - Funktion oder Methode!
|
||||
|
||||
- `distance(self, other: Position)` ist eine Methode.
|
||||
- Gehört zu einer Klasse und hat `self` als Parameter
|
||||
- `distance_of(a: Position, b: Position)` ist eine Funktion.
|
||||
- unabhängig (normalerweise kein **state**)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was ist ein **State** (Zustand)?
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
class GameState(Enum):
|
||||
RUNNING = auto()
|
||||
PAUSED = auto()
|
||||
ENDED = auto()
|
||||
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Game:
|
||||
state: GameState
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Unser `Game`-Objekt hat einen Zustand der sich ändern kann
|
||||
- Unser `Game` kann pausiert, beendet oder am Laufen sein
|
||||
- Dieser Zustand kann sich ändern
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was ist ein **State** (Zustand)?
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Position:
|
||||
x: float
|
||||
y: float
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Ebenso sind `x` und `y` Zustände von `Position`, wenn auch nicht ganz so offensichtlich.
|
||||
|
||||
- Beschreiben das Objekt
|
||||
- Können sich ändern
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Was ist ein **State** (Zustand)?
|
||||
|
||||
Wie sieht es mit `distance_of(...)` aus?
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
def distance_of(a: Position, b: Position) -> float:
|
||||
return math.sqrt((b.x - a.x) ** 2 + (b.y - a.y) ** 2)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Verhält sich immer gleich
|
||||
- also hat keinen **State**
|
||||
- ändert keine **States**
|
||||
- manchmal passiert das leider, ist aber ein schlechter Stil!
|
||||
```python
|
||||
def move_to(pos: Position, x: float, y: float):
|
||||
pos.x = x
|
||||
pos.y = y
|
||||
```
|
||||
- Guter Stil ist es eigentlich immer die Parameter in Ruhe zu lassen!
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Funktionen mit **State**
|
||||
|
||||
- Ihr kriegt 0 Punkte für die gesamte Abgabe.
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
can_execute = True
|
||||
|
||||
def function(x: int) -> int:
|
||||
global can_execute
|
||||
if can_execute:
|
||||
can_execute = False
|
||||
return x + 1
|
||||
return x
|
||||
|
||||
def can_execute_again():
|
||||
global can_execute
|
||||
can_execute = True
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Ich meine das ernst mit den 0 Punkten
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Dazu zählt auch sowas!
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
session = Session()
|
||||
|
||||
def do_something():
|
||||
session.do()
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Private, Getter, Setter
|
||||
|
||||
Bei `@dataclass`:
|
||||
- `InitVar` verwenden wenn im Klassenrumpf deklariert
|
||||
- Sollen mit `_<variable_name>` benannt werden
|
||||
- `__post_init__(self, <variable>)` muss definiert werden und `__<variable_name>` erstellen!
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Point:
|
||||
_x: InitVar[float]
|
||||
_y: InitVar[float]
|
||||
|
||||
def __post_init__(self, x, y):
|
||||
self.__x = x
|
||||
self.__y = y
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Private, Getter, Setter
|
||||
|
||||
- Geht auch ohne `InitVar`
|
||||
- Keine Parameter für `__post_init__`
|
||||
- Also auch keine Parameter beim erstellen
|
||||
```python
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Point:
|
||||
def __post_init__(self):
|
||||
self.__x = 0
|
||||
self.__y = 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Private, Getter, Setter
|
||||
|
||||
- `x` und `y` sind nicht mehr von außen sichtbar
|
||||
```python
|
||||
p = Point()
|
||||
print(p.__x) # Error
|
||||
```
|
||||
- außer man erstellt einen *Getter* (`@property`)
|
||||
```python
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Point:
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def x(self) -> float:
|
||||
return self.__x
|
||||
|
||||
print(Point(3, 1).x) # Prints 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Private, Getter, Setter
|
||||
|
||||
Genauso kann man auch private Attribute setzbar machen:
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Point:
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
|
||||
@x.setter
|
||||
def x(self, new_value: float):
|
||||
self.__x = new_value
|
||||
|
||||
p = Point(3, 1)
|
||||
print(p.x) # 3
|
||||
p.x = 4
|
||||
print(p.x) # 4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Fragen?
|
BIN
Tutorium/tut11/slides.pdf
Normal file
BIN
Tutorium/tut11/slides.pdf
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
51
Tutorium/tut11/src/dictionary.py
Normal file
51
Tutorium/tut11/src/dictionary.py
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass
|
||||
from typing import Any, Callable
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def iterating_dict():
|
||||
courses: dict[str, list[str]] = {
|
||||
"eidp": ["np19", "az34", "jf334"],
|
||||
"mathe": ["aw331", "pl67"],
|
||||
"sdp": ["xy111", "xz112"],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for course, students in courses.items():
|
||||
print(f"{courses}: {students}")
|
||||
|
||||
def mutable_keys():
|
||||
lists_as_keys: dict[list[str], str] = {
|
||||
["np19", "az34", "jf334"]: "eidp", # type: ignore
|
||||
["aw331", "pl67"]: "mathe", # type: ignore
|
||||
["xy111", "xz112"]: "sdp", # type: ignore
|
||||
}
|
||||
print(lists_as_keys)
|
||||
|
||||
def what_is_a_value():
|
||||
ops: dict[str, Callable] = {
|
||||
'+': lambda x, y: x + y,
|
||||
'-': lambda x, y: x - y,
|
||||
'*': lambda x, y: x * y,
|
||||
'/': lambda x, y: x / y,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
can_execute = True
|
||||
def function(x: int) -> int:
|
||||
global can_execute
|
||||
if can_execute:
|
||||
can_execute = False
|
||||
return x + 1
|
||||
return x
|
||||
|
||||
def can_execute_again():
|
||||
global can_execute
|
||||
can_execute = True
|
||||
|
||||
@dataclass
|
||||
class Point:
|
||||
def __post_init__(self):
|
||||
self.__x = 0
|
||||
self.__y = 0
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def x(self) -> float:
|
||||
return self.__x
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user