//! Note-tracked distortion: the filters around the shaper follow the played note and the
//! input level is normalised per note, so every note distorts with the same character.
//!
//! The audio path is delayed by the tracker's lookahead, so filters and drive are set for a
//! note before its attack reaches the shaper. The shaper runs at 4× the sample rate.
mod settings;
use common_dsp::meter::{HarmonicMeter, HARMONICS};
use common_dsp::oversample::Oversampler;
use common_dsp::svf::{Svf, SvfCoef};
use common_dsp::tracker::{Lookahead, NoteEvent, NoteState, PitchFollower, Tracked, TrackerConfig};
use common_dsp::{coefficient, db_to_gain, gain_to_db, hz_to_midi};
pub use settings::{Curve, Settings, Source};

pub const MIN_HZ: f32 = TrackerConfig::BASS.min_hz;
pub const MAX_HZ: f32 = TrackerConfig::BASS.max_hz;
/// Harmonics shown by the editor.
pub const SHOWN: usize = 16;
/// RMS level that Normalize brings every note to before Drive.
const TARGET_DB: f32 = -12.;
const RETUNE: usize = 16;
const DRY: usize = 64;

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct AnalyzerFrame {
    pub hz: f32,
    pub note: Option<u8>,
    /// Harmonic levels in dBFS of the delayed input and of the output (index 0 = fundamental).
    pub input: [f32; SHOWN],
    pub output: [f32; SHOWN],
    /// Peak level reaching the shaper, after normalisation and drive, in dB.
    pub shaper_db: f32,
    /// Gain applied by Normalize and by Auto gain, in dB.
    pub normalize_db: f32,
    pub auto_db: f32,
    pub latency: u32,
    pub sample_rate: f32,
}
impl Default for AnalyzerFrame {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            hz: 0.,
            note: None,
            input: [-120.; SHOWN],
            output: [-120.; SHOWN],
            shaper_db: -120.,
            normalize_db: 0.,
            auto_db: 0.,
            latency: 0,
            sample_rate: 48000.,
        }
    }
}

/// Per-note input level, measured on the undelayed input so it is known at the attack.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
struct Level {
    /// RMS of the undelayed input.
    ahead: f32,
    /// Loudest `ahead` since the note started, slowly released.
    note: f32,
}
impl Level {
    fn event(&mut self, e: NoteEvent) {
        if let NoteEvent::Start { glide: false, .. } = e {
            // `ahead` already looks one lookahead into the new note.
            self.note = self.ahead;
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct Filters {
    floor: SvfCoef,
    push: SvfCoef,
    bright: SvfCoef,
}

struct Channel {
    floor: Svf,
    push: Svf,
    bright: Svf,
    over: Oversampler,
    dc_x: f32,
    dc_y: f32,
    dry: [f32; DRY],
}
impl Channel {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            floor: Svf::default(),
            push: Svf::default(),
            bright: Svf::default(),
            over: Oversampler::new(),
            dc_x: 0.,
            dc_y: 0.,
            dry: [0.; DRY],
        }
    }
    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.floor.reset();
        self.push.reset();
        self.bright.reset();
        self.over.reset();
        self.dc_x = 0.;
        self.dc_y = 0.;
        self.dry = [0.; DRY];
    }
}

struct Smoothed {
    value: f32,
    coef: f32,
}
impl Smoothed {
    fn new(value: f32, coef: f32) -> Self {
        Self { value, coef }
    }
    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self, target: f32) -> f32 {
        let d = target - self.value;
        self.value = if d.abs() < 1e-6 {
            target
        } else {
            self.value + d * self.coef
        };
        self.value
    }
}

/// The tracked distortion without its tracker: driven by note events aligned with its input.
/// Its latency is the oversampling filters'.
pub struct Module {
    rate: f32,
    channels: usize,
    settings: Settings,
    dry_at: usize,
    sounding: bool,
    pitch: PitchFollower,
    hz_coef: f32,
    countdown: usize,
    filters: Filters,
    channel: [Channel; 2],
    level: Level,
    rms_coef: f32,
    release: f32,
    norm_db: Smoothed,
    drive: Smoothed,
    bias: Smoothed,
    mix: Smoothed,
    output: Smoothed,
    bypass: Smoothed,
    auto_db: Smoothed,
    power_in: f32,
    power_out: f32,
    power_coef: f32,
    dc_r: f32,
    shaper_peak: f32,
    meter_in: HarmonicMeter,
    meter_out: HarmonicMeter,
    /// Smoothed controls start at the next settings instead of gliding from defaults.
    fresh: bool,
}

impl Module {
    pub fn new(rate: f32, channels: usize) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
        if !(8000.0..=768000.).contains(&rate) {
            return Err("unsupported sample rate");
        }
        if !(1..=2).contains(&channels) {
            return Err("unsupported channel count");
        }
        let smooth = coefficient(rate, 10.);
        let settings = Settings::default();
        let mut e = Self {
            rate,
            channels,
            settings,
            dry_at: 0,
            sounding: false,
            pitch: PitchFollower::default(),
            hz_coef: coefficient(rate, 5.),
            countdown: 0,
            filters: Filters {
                floor: SvfCoef::IDENTITY,
                push: SvfCoef::IDENTITY,
                bright: SvfCoef::IDENTITY,
            },
            channel: [Channel::new(), Channel::new()],
            level: Level::default(),
            rms_coef: coefficient(rate, 10.),
            release: 1. - coefficient(rate, 1500.),
            norm_db: Smoothed::new(0., coefficient(rate, 5.)),
            drive: Smoothed::new(db_to_gain(settings.drive), smooth),
            bias: Smoothed::new(0., smooth),
            mix: Smoothed::new(1., smooth),
            output: Smoothed::new(1., smooth),
            bypass: Smoothed::new(0., smooth),
            auto_db: Smoothed::new(0., coefficient(rate, 50.)),
            power_in: 0.,
            power_out: 0.,
            power_coef: coefficient(rate, 300.),
            dc_r: 1. - std::f32::consts::TAU * 10. / rate,
            shaper_peak: 0.,
            meter_in: HarmonicMeter::new(rate, 85.),
            meter_out: HarmonicMeter::new(rate, 85.),
            fresh: true,
        };
        e.set_settings(settings)?;
        e.fresh = true;
        Ok(e)
    }
    pub fn channels(&self) -> usize {
        self.channels
    }
    pub fn settings(&self) -> Settings {
        self.settings
    }
    pub fn set_settings(&mut self, s: Settings) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
        s.validate()?;
        if std::mem::take(&mut self.fresh) {
            self.drive.value = db_to_gain(s.drive);
            self.bias.value = s.bias * 0.008;
            self.mix.value = s.mix * 0.01;
            self.output.value = db_to_gain(s.output);
            self.bypass.value = f32::from(s.bypass);
        }
        self.settings = s;
        Ok(())
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.sounding = false;
        for c in &mut self.channel {
            c.reset();
        }
        self.level = Level::default();
        self.power_in = 0.;
        self.power_out = 0.;
        self.shaper_peak = 0.;
        self.meter_in.reset();
        self.meter_out.reset();
        self.countdown = 0;
        self.fresh = true;
    }
    fn retune(&mut self, hz: f32) {
        let s = &self.settings;
        let limit = 0.45 * self.rate;
        let tuned = |mult: f32| hz > 0. && mult > 0. && hz * mult < limit;
        self.filters.floor = if tuned(s.floor) {
            SvfCoef::highpass(self.rate, hz * s.floor, std::f32::consts::FRAC_1_SQRT_2)
        } else {
            SvfCoef::IDENTITY
        };
        let k = s.push_harmonic as f32;
        self.filters.push = if tuned(k) && s.push_gain != 0. {
            SvfCoef::bell(self.rate, hz * k, k / 0.6, s.push_gain)
        } else {
            SvfCoef::IDENTITY
        };
        self.filters.bright = if tuned(s.bright) {
            SvfCoef::lowpass(self.rate, hz * s.bright, std::f32::consts::FRAC_1_SQRT_2)
        } else {
            SvfCoef::IDENTITY
        };
    }
    fn run(&mut self, y: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 2] {
        let (hz, jump) = self.pitch.step(self.hz_coef);
        if jump || self.countdown == 0 {
            self.retune(hz);
            self.countdown = RETUNE;
        }
        self.countdown -= 1;

        let s = self.settings;
        let rms_db = 10. * self.level.note.max(1e-12).log10();
        // Below −60 dBFS there is nothing to normalise; hold the last gain.
        let norm_target = if rms_db > -60. {
            (s.normalize * 0.01 * (TARGET_DB - rms_db)).clamp(-24., 36.)
        } else {
            self.norm_db.value
        };
        let norm = db_to_gain(self.norm_db.next(norm_target));
        let drive = self.drive.next(db_to_gain(s.drive));
        let bias = self.bias.next(s.bias * 0.008);
        let mix = self.mix.next(s.mix * 0.01);
        let output = self.output.next(db_to_gain(s.output));
        let bypass = self.bypass.next(f32::from(s.bypass));
        let curve = s.curve;
        let offset = curve.shape(bias);
        let f = self.filters;
        let dry_at = self.dry_at;
        let back = (dry_at + DRY - Oversampler::latency()) % DRY;
        let mut wet = [0.; 2];
        let mut dry = [0.; 2];
        let mut peak = self.shaper_peak;
        for c in 0..self.channels {
            let ch = &mut self.channel[c];
            ch.dry[dry_at] = y[c];
            dry[c] = ch.dry[back];
            let v = ch.floor.process(&f.floor, y[c]);
            let v = ch.push.process(&f.push, v) * norm * drive;
            let up = ch.over.up(v);
            let shaped = up.map(|u| {
                peak = peak.max(u.abs());
                curve.shape(u + bias) - offset
            });
            let v = ch.over.down(shaped);
            let v = ch.bright.process(&f.bright, v);
            // DC blocker: bias and asymmetric curves leave an offset.
            let d = v - ch.dc_x + self.dc_r * ch.dc_y;
            ch.dc_x = v;
            ch.dc_y = d;
            wet[c] = d;
        }
        self.shaper_peak = peak;
        self.dry_at = (dry_at + 1) % DRY;

        let (dry_mono, wet_mono) = if self.channels == 2 {
            (0.5 * (dry[0] + dry[1]), 0.5 * (wet[0] + wet[1]))
        } else {
            (dry[0], wet[0])
        };
        self.power_in += (dry_mono * dry_mono - self.power_in) * self.power_coef;
        self.power_out += (wet_mono * wet_mono - self.power_out) * self.power_coef;
        let auto_target = if !s.auto_gain {
            0.
        } else if self.power_in > 1e-7 && self.power_out > 1e-9 {
            (10. * (self.power_in / self.power_out).log10()).clamp(-36., 24.)
        } else {
            self.auto_db.value
        };
        let auto = db_to_gain(self.auto_db.next(auto_target));
        let mut out = [0.; 2];
        for c in 0..self.channels {
            let v = (mix * wet[c] * auto + (1. - mix) * dry[c]) * output;
            out[c] = v * (1. - bypass) + dry[c] * bypass;
        }
        let tone = if self.sounding { hz } else { 0. };
        let o = if self.channels == 2 {
            0.5 * (out[0] + out[1])
        } else {
            out[0]
        };
        self.meter_in.push(dry_mono, tone);
        self.meter_out.push(o, tone);
        out
    }
    /// Editor data. `latency` is left at 0 for the owner to fill in.
    pub fn take_analyzer(&mut self) -> AnalyzerFrame {
        let hz = self.pitch.hz();
        let mut f = AnalyzerFrame {
            hz,
            sample_rate: self.rate,
            shaper_db: gain_to_db(self.shaper_peak),
            normalize_db: self.norm_db.value,
            auto_db: self.auto_db.value,
            ..AnalyzerFrame::default()
        };
        self.shaper_peak = 0.;
        f.input
            .copy_from_slice(&self.meter_in.levels()[..SHOWN.min(HARMONICS)]);
        f.output
            .copy_from_slice(&self.meter_out.levels()[..SHOWN.min(HARMONICS)]);
        if self.sounding && hz > 0. {
            f.note = Some(hz_to_midi(hz).round().clamp(0., 127.) as u8);
        }
        f
    }
}

impl Tracked for Module {
    fn latency(&self) -> usize {
        Oversampler::latency()
    }
    fn ahead(&mut self, mono: f32) {
        // Level of the input one lookahead ahead of the audio that is about to be shaped.
        let a = &mut self.level;
        a.ahead += (mono * mono - a.ahead) * self.rms_coef;
        a.note = (a.note * self.release).max(a.ahead);
    }
    fn event(&mut self, e: NoteEvent) {
        self.pitch.event(false, e);
        self.level.event(e);
    }
    fn process(&mut self, y: [f32; 2], note: NoteState) -> [f32; 2] {
        // Unsure tracking sends no retune, so Floor, Push and Bright hold their last sure
        // tuning; only the readout drops the note.
        self.sounding = note.sure;
        self.run(y)
    }
}

/// Standalone Temper: its own tracker in front of the [`Module`].
pub struct Engine {
    channels: usize,
    lookahead: Lookahead,
    module: Module,
}

impl Engine {
    pub fn new(rate: f32, channels: usize) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
        let module = Module::new(rate, channels)?;
        let mut e = Self {
            channels,
            lookahead: Lookahead::new(rate, TrackerConfig::BASS),
            module,
        };
        // The module already holds the defaults; only the tracker still needs them.
        e.set_tracker(&Settings::default());
        Ok(e)
    }
    /// Lookahead plus the oversampling filters.
    pub fn latency_samples(&self) -> u32 {
        (self.lookahead.latency() + self.module.latency()) as u32
    }
    pub fn channels(&self) -> usize {
        self.channels
    }
    pub fn settings(&self) -> Settings {
        self.module.settings()
    }
    pub fn set_settings(&mut self, s: Settings) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
        self.module.set_settings(s)?;
        self.set_tracker(&s);
        Ok(())
    }
    fn set_tracker(&mut self, s: &Settings) {
        self.lookahead
            .tracker
            .set(s.pitch.source(s.source.mode(), s.gate, true));
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.lookahead.reset();
        self.module.reset();
    }
    pub fn note_on(&mut self, note: u8) {
        self.lookahead.tracker.note_on(note);
    }
    pub fn note_off(&mut self, note: u8) {
        self.lookahead.tracker.note_off(note);
    }
    pub fn process_sample(&mut self, x: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 2] {
        let mono = if self.channels == 2 {
            0.5 * (x[0] + x[1])
        } else {
            x[0]
        };
        self.lookahead.process(x, mono, &mut self.module)
    }
    pub fn take_analyzer(&mut self) -> AnalyzerFrame {
        AnalyzerFrame {
            latency: self.latency_samples(),
            ..self.module.take_analyzer()
        }
    }
}